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55 Things About How Much Land In Australia Does China Own | Australia Vs China War, Who Would Win

• Although these new regulations relate to urban land, the legal principles established have significant implications for the rule of law in China. The outlook for China’s Land Administrative law is hopeful as future revisions regarding rural land are expected to occur in the near future.[43] - Source: Internet
• China’s Land Reform (1950-1952) was one of the largest examples of land expropriation in world history. In the process, between 200 and 240 million acres of arable land were redistributed to approximately 75 million peasant families.[5]: 8 - Source: Internet
• Much of this land is agricultural, but there’s also plenty of houses and infrastructure projects with Chinese money involved. Italy recently signed onto China’s massive Belt and Road Initiative. At this time, around 20 other European countries have signed on in some form to the massive initiative. - Source: Internet
• The rights holder is entitled to “appropriate compensation” in the first two situations.[40] As the state owns the land, compensation is not made for the loss of the rights holder’s land use rights,[41] but for the private property which he had lost. It is made either in cash (based on market prices) and accounts for any moving expenses or resettlement subsidies, or in kind (in the form of a replacement structure).[42] - Source: Internet
• That rapid increase in China’s holdings from 2010 to 2020 prompted much of the concern over Chinese ownership of U.S. agricultural land, according to Cory Combs, an analyst at the China-focused policy research group Trivium. - Source: Internet
• “There is a fine balance between our fear of abandonment coupled with a fear of entrapment,” Blaxland said. There’s a concern that an “overly assertive United States” could contribute to an escalation over Taiwan that would “draw Australia, as a close and trusted ally, into a fight that Australia would very much like to avoid.” - Source: Internet
• “When we look at the composition of land purchased by Chinese owners, only about one-third is real crop land,” Gale told VOA Mandarin. “Most of the rest is what we call other kinds of farmland, which is just a miscellaneous category.” - Source: Internet
• But China’s most lucrative land and real estate holdings are in Vancouver. According to the National Bank of Canada, a whopping 1/3 of the Vancouver, B.C. real estate market is owned by Chinese buyers. - Source: Internet
• The question of Chinese ownership of U.S. farmland has been a periodic flashpoint — most recently in July, when a Chinese food manufacturer, the Fufeng Group, bought 300 acres of land near Grand Forks, North Dakota, to set up a corn milling plant. The sale raised national security concerns because the project is located about 20 minutes from the Grand Forks Air Force Base. - Source: Internet
• As of 2019, a total of 191,000 acres of American land were owned by China. This is just a small part of the 30 to 35 million acres of foreign-owned land in the United States. But how much land is it, and what does it mean? - Source: Internet
• The Food and Farm Security Act, passed by the California Senate on Aug. 31 after passing the Assembly on Aug. 22, “would prohibit a foreign government from purchasing, acquiring, leasing or holding an interest, as defined, in agricultural land within the State of California.” - Source: Internet
• In the case of urban land, after the nationalization of industries and companies in the early 1950s, it was deemed state-owned, although not legally stipulated for a long period of time. Land owned by the state was seen as “absolute” and therefore, did not warrant a title; a principle adhered to – and enshrined in regulation – until today.[3]: 335 However, the notion that urban land is tantamount to state ownership and, therefore, excludes private ownership had been formally disputed by the State Land Administration up to the early 1980s.[3]: 335 - Source: Internet
• Canada accounts for the largest share of foreign-owned U.S. agricultural land at 32%, or 12.4 million acres, as of 2020, according to the report. - Source: Internet
• Another Western Australian miner, Andrew “Twiggy” Forrest, and his wife, Nicola, are also among Australia’s biggest landholders, with 1.5m ha of pastoral leases. The couple also control their land through three companies – Harvest Road Group, Forrest & Forrest and Red Sky Stations. - Source: Internet
• “The reality is that the bigger companies have started to consolidate our resources within Australia – so the issue is one of to what extent do we control, does the government control, the resources within the land itself,” she says. “Even though a company owns the land, the natural resources are generally owned by state governments. To what extent can [the state] actually ensure the health and wellbeing of that long-term management of those natural resources?” - Source: Internet
• Other individuals and families with substantial holdings include South Australia’s MacLachlan family, who control an estimated 3.6m ha of pastoral land, Queensland’s Brook family (at least 3.27m ha) and Queensland’s McDonald family (at least 2.78m ha). - Source: Internet
• The mining magnate Gina Rinehart is Australia’s biggest landholder, controlling more than 9.2m hectares, or 1.2% of the entire landmass of the country, according to data compiled by Guardian Australia. - Source: Internet
• On an individual scale, buying land is a very profitable business for normal Chinese citizens. Purchasing and holding apartments is an extremely common practice in China, and it’s a pretty reliable way to make money. Foreign land investment is a particularly attractive prospect for Chinese investors as well. - Source: Internet
• Decades of serious environmental degradation have made a huge impact on China’s farmland. In 2014, the Chinese government said that around 20% of the country’s farmland is polluted. Owning hundreds of thousands of acres of clean foreign farmland can be a strategic asset in case of shortages and other food supply issues. - Source: Internet
• The land grant contract must be signed. Land use rights can be obtained from the land administration department by agreement, tender or auction.[26] Regardless of the method by which the land use rights is granted, a contract for grant of land use right, or more commonly known as a land grant contract, must be entered into by the land user and the local land administration authority or municipal governments at or above the county level as grantor.[27] - Source: Internet
• “Colonial ideas around what land means and what property is were really tied up with the notion of improvement, meaning that you needed to actively use the land, to improve it,” she says. “And if you weren’t seen to be improving the land – meaning fencing, clearing – you could lose it … but that means there can be a disconnect between the agenda of landowners versus the agenda of the community or of environmental values.” - Source: Internet
• Lawmakers cited inflation and supply chain issues as reasons to better understand U.S. farmland. - Source: Internet
• Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is causing global hunger and galloping food prices, and future supply-chain disruptions will bring more such misery. Many countries are realizing that they should grow more food, but they’ve sold much of their best land to China, which uses it to feed its own population. A few years ago, China bought nearly one-tenth of Ukraine’s arable farmland. Countries should start screening those seeking to buy their farmland, as they already do with prospective purchasers of sensitive technology. - Source: Internet
• Another issue is the problem of rampant corruption arising from rural land transactions, involving both governmental and non-governmental parties. This leads to over-pricing and also improper use of land that goes unchecked.[49] - Source: Internet
• The consolidation of agricultural land is not inherently bad, says a report co-author, Dr Melissa Neave. There is no guarantee that a small family-run enterprise will engage in better land management practices than a large corporation. But, she says, the separation of land ownership from land management seen by some corporate players can be “problematic”. - Source: Internet
• Foreign entities buy agricultural land for a variety of reasons, such as food production, wind farming, carbon offsets, or speculative investments. In 2019, 49 percent of reported foreign-held acreage in the United States was forest land, while 25 percent was crop land, 24 percent was for pasture and other agricultural uses, and 2 percent was for non-agricultural uses (such as homesteads and roads). The USDA reports that the changes in pasture and crop land holdings since 2009 were mostly due to foreign-owned wind companies signing or terminating long-term leases. - Source: Internet
• This has long been a priority issue for Newhouse. The Washington Republican has championed language that would bar businesses owned by the Chinese government from buying farmland in the U.S. or participating in USDA programs. - Source: Internet
• China doesn’t own all of the land it logs in Siberia. Instead, over 500 Chinese firms operate in the Russian Taiga and contribute to about 30% of China’s lumber use each year. And it’s cheap—at just $2 per hectare for forest land, Chinese investors can log an entire acre of dense forest for less than one U.S. dollar. - Source: Internet
• A national register of land use, or at least nationally consistent data standards, would help encourage big agricultural investors, according to the National Farmers’ Federation. The NFF wants to grow farmgate output to $100bn by 2030 but reaching that target will reportedly require $8.7bn a year in capital investment. - Source: Internet
• Fred Gale, an agricultural economist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, does not think China currently poses a threat to the United States through its agricultural land investments because the investments are so small. - Source: Internet
• China owns land in foreign countries primarily for investment, but some of it is also used for agriculture. China has an enormous population (1.398 billion people) and limited useful agricultural space. Agricultural land has strategic and investment value, especially for China. - Source: Internet
• Jason Haines, of QPL Rural Real Estate in the Riverina, says corporate investors, both local and foreign, generally seek larger land parcels. “Corporates are interested in 10,000-15,000 acres [4,000-6,000ha] when it’s dry and we mostly have areas of 2,000-3,000 acres. Most of the competition for that is coming from strong farming families.” But all investors are waiting to see what happens with the season, he says. - Source: Internet
• Rinehart’s vast land holding is set to shrink because she put eight cattle stations, totalling 1.9m ha, up for sale in March. The properties, which collectively run 108,000 head of cattle, are located in WA’s Kimberley region and across the top of the Northern Territory. - Source: Internet
• There were several times of changes in ownership and control over land in China. Regarding rural land, these changes began with the establishment of the Higher Agricultural Production Cooperatives in 1956. Thereafter rural private land ownership was effectively abolished through Land Reform, which left land in the hands of the state or the collective.[4]: 6 - Source: Internet
• “There can be no effective solution to the global food crisis without reintegrating Ukraine’s food production, as well as the food and fertilizer produced by Russia, into world markets,” United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres said on June 24, warning that the world faces multiple famines this year and worse in 2023. But Ukrainian grains and other foods won’t be able to enter the world market any time soon because the sea route remains blocked by Russia. Ukraine is sending some grain to world markets via rail to Poland and Romania, but doing so is laborious and expensive. Before the war, around 90% of Ukraine’s grain was exported via its sea ports. - Source: Internet
• As of 2019, the Chinese-owned Smithfield properties accounted for 76% of all the U.S. agricultural land owned by Chinese entities, according to the May report. - Source: Internet
• Once the farmers and collective land owners are notified, the expropriation can commence. Disputes regarding the compensation and resettlement shall not affect the implementation of the expropriation.[38] - Source: Internet
• China is facing food security issues at home due to arable land lost to rapid urbanization and industrial growth, population decline and natural disasters, according to a report from the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. “Recognizing its challenges, China has also gone abroad to address its needs through investments and acquisitions of farmland,” among other means, the report said. - Source: Internet
• A land user obtains only the land use right, not the land or any resources in or below the land.[24] A land grant contract shall be entered into between the land user and the land administration department of the people’s government at municipal or county level.[25] - Source: Internet
• Canadian investors hold the largest share of this land, at 29 percent, with the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, and the United Kingdom collectively owning another 33 percent. The remaining 38 percent is held by entities from almost a hundred other countries. Although Congress has become increasingly concerned about Chinese land purchases, investors from China currently own only a small fraction of this land, at 191,652 acres (0.05 percent of the total). - Source: Internet
• The owner of the right to use of residential housing land can possess and utilize such land as collectively owned, and can build residential houses and their accessory facilities.[20] The Law of Land Administration and other regulations will apply to the attainment, exercise and assignment of the right to the use of residential land.[21] - Source: Internet
• Even so, large land purchases present various localized concerns in the places where they occur. For example, in water-scarce regions like the Southwest, outside use of freshwater resources can affect water availability for local farms and communities. Arizona, for instance, has no rules on groundwater pumping as long as it is for a “beneficial use,” which includes agriculture even if the products are shipped elsewhere. Near a 10,000-acre hay farm run by a Saudi subsidiary, local residents say their wells are going dry. It is not only foreign companies who take advantage of this regulatory loophole, however—companies from other states and cities around the United States are also buying up land in Arizona to take advantage of the state’s loose water regulations, putting Arizona’s long-term water resources at risk. - Source: Internet
• The owner of a usufructuary right has the right to possess, utilize and obtain profits from the real properties owned by others.[10] The obligee may not intervene in the exercise of rights by the owner of the usufructuary right.[11] There are several types of usufructuary rights. These include the right to land contractual management, the right to use of construction land, the right to use of residential housing land and easement. - Source: Internet
• The vast majority (52%) of China’s land investments take place in Asia. And that number only includes foreign land investment—not land purchased within Chinese borders. Siberia is a major target of Chinese land investment, primarily for logging. - Source: Internet
• “It’s very surprising that there are currently no federal regulations governing ownership of agricultural land in the United States,” Caitlin Welsh, director of the Global Food Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) think tank in Washington, told VOA Mandarin. “I do think that this is something that both the federal and state governments of the United States should look into.” - Source: Internet
• On the state level, regulations vary. Most states, like Texas and Maine, have no restrictions on foreign ownership of land, contributing to the large amount of farmland that is under foreign control in these states. Six states forbid any foreign landholdings, and some, like Missouri, put caps on how much land can be held by foreign entities. - Source: Internet
• Saskatchewan has laws preventing large-scale land investment by foreign interests. According to local laws, only Canadians can purchase more than 10 acres for investment. These laws are designed to prevent large-scale landholdings from going unused and driving up prices for local farmers who depend on it. - Source: Internet
• Senator Melissa Hurtado, the Democrat who introduced the California bill, represents a district in the Central Valley with some of the world’s richest and most fertile farmland. For her, security is the key issue behind regulating foreign ownership of farmland. “Food can, and is, being used as a weapon like we are seeing in Ukraine,” she said in a statement. - Source: Internet
• The Chinese authorities are empowered under the Constitution and various statutes[31] to expropriate land use rights contracted to individuals as well as ownership rights from collectives. Since all land is owned either collectively or by the state,[32] expropriation of rural land only requires the withdrawal of land use rights for the reason of “public interest.” - Source: Internet
• But that’s just China. The vast majority of countries allow individuals (citizens and otherwise) to own land in a true sense. And more importantly, they allow individuals to profit easily from its sale and use. - Source: Internet
• Following the controversial sale, Republican Senator Mike Rounds of South Dakota introduced a bill in August that would ban the governments of China, Russia, Iran and North Korea from buying or investing in U.S. agricultural land. - Source: Internet
• China is a major proponent of land investment. Or, that would seem to be the case, as Chinese investors own millions of acres of various types of land across the world. And if news headlines were the only thing to go by, it would seem like the majority of China’s foreign land investment is in North America. But it’s not—not by a long shot. - Source: Internet
• The right to land contractual management allows a contractor of the right to possess, utilize and obtain profits from agricultural land.[12] This right is transferable, but the land use rights based on agricultural household contracts cannot be changed arbitrarily for non-agricultural purposes.[13] - Source: Internet
• The most recent data collected under the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act (AFIDA) shows Chinese investors held a little more than half of 1% of the overall 35.8 million acres of U.S. farmland and forest land under foreign ownership in 2019. - Source: Internet
• There isn’t much concern that the top countries that own U.S. agricultural land — such as Canada and the Netherlands — have harmful motives, since their relationships with the United States have long been friendly, Combs said. - Source: Internet

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