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55 Reference List: What Is 2 Ply Modified Bitumen Roofing | Flat Roofing Systems: EPDM vs. Modified Bitumen

  • APP (atactic polypropylene) is a plastic mainly used to modify roofing asphalt. APP mod bit is less elastic but stronger than SBS-modified and has a higher resistance to UV radiation and high temperatures. APP mod bit should not be installed in hot asphalt (hot-mopping technique); it doesn’t melt and bond properly when applied this way. - Source: Internet
  • SuperKatepal shingles are manufactured from SBS elastomer bitumen. The product has glass felt reinforcement, which guarantees excellent dimensional stability. Thanks to the SBS elastomer bitumen the shingles are watertight and pliable. - Source: Internet
  • Thermoplastic membrane roofing becomes soft when heated, then hardens and binds when cooled. The heating process can usually be repeated as needed. Thermoplastic membranes, such as PVC or TPO, are generally sealed by heat-welding with hot air or by using solvents to weld the sheets together. - Source: Internet
  • Modified bitumen is also known as polymer-modified bitumen or rubberized asphalt. It is usually called “mod bit” in the roofing industry. Modified bitumen is “modified” when a polymer (a synthetic rubber or plastic) is mixed into the asphalt (the “bitumen”) during the manufacturing process. - Source: Internet
  • However, there are significant disadvantages that lead owners to other systems. First, the coal tar or asphalt bitumen products are hazardous to the environment and the tradespeople installing them. In addition, installation must be done carefully to maintain proper overlaps of the felt sheets and full adhesion with the applied bitumen. The kettles of hot bitumen are also a fire hazard and the fumes from the kettle often disturb neighbors during installation. Maintenance can also be challenging since you have to remove the aggregate to get to the watertight layers, so finding a leak can be problematic. - Source: Internet
  • Like BUR roofs, modified bitumen is installed in multiple layers (usually two-ply or three-ply) to ensure watertightness. A base sheet is either adhered or mechanically fastened, then a final surfaced sheet is installed in a two-ply application. For three-ply installations, the base sheet is installed, followed by a reinforcing ply, which is then covered with the surface sheet. - Source: Internet
  • Flat roof membranes are used in both residential and commercial roofing projects. In residential, it is used predominantly for large apartment buildings, garage roofs, and small extensions. It is also increasingly used for larger main roofs in single-family housing with modern designs that integrate flat roofs. - Source: Internet
  • As indicated by the name, polymer-modified bitumen roofing materials have polymer additives in the bitumen that make them stronger, more flexible, or more heat resistant. Therefore, it is important to select the appropriate type of modified bitumen membrane for the specific use. Architects should consult with the manufacturer for advice on the correct product to specify. - Source: Internet
  • There aren’t any actual rules requiring the use of one type and not the other simply because of local temperatures. Other considerations may come into play with any particular roof installation. Both types of mod bit can be found wherever mod bit is used for roofing. - Source: Internet
  • Roll roofing is normally applied parallel to the eaves from the bottom of the roof upwards, lapping each new roll in the same manner as shingles. Its use is restricted to roofs with a pitch of less than 2:12. To avoid penetrating the exposed membrane with nails, adhesive or “lap cement” must be used at the bottom edge to keep it from being lifted by the wind. The upper edge of the roll is nailed and covered by the next roll.[citation needed] - Source: Internet
  • A variety of different chemical formulations have been tried over the years. It is best to stick to a product with an established track record. In general, modified-bitumen roofs can be applied to slopes as shallow as 1/4 inch per foot. - Source: Internet
    1. Safety: See this material safety data sheet for health and safety information about SBS-modified bitumen roofing at the Siplast website. This is only an example and other products and brands may be different. - Source: Internet
  • Thanks to the staggered assembly all joints are covered, and the roof is waterproof at nailing points and joints. Durability also means that the surface of the shingle does not peel or rust. Snow and ice accumulating on the rough mineral granule surface stay on the roof in the winter and do not fall on pavements or garden plants. In rain and hard wind bitumen roofing shingles are comfortably quiet. - Source: Internet
  • Thermoset membrane roofing is fully cured during manufacture so it cannot be bonded to an adjacent sheet with heat or solvents. Therefore, they can only be seamed with adhesives. EPDM is the most common thermoset membrane, but there are others including, PIB, CSPE, ECH, and CR. - Source: Internet
    1. Safety: See this material safety data sheet for health and safety information about APP-modified bitumen roofing at the Polyglass website. This is only an example and other products and brands may be different. - Source: Internet
  • Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) membranes tend to be more flexible (elastic) in their finished state. Like BUR membranes, the SBS membrane can be applied with hot-mopped asphalt. However, there are new peel-and-stick roofing products that have an adhesive backing. - Source: Internet
  • A variety of materials can be used to construct membrane roofs, for example synthetic rubber, thermoplastic (PVC or similar material), liquid polyurethane, or modified bitumen can all be used. However, the essentials of a membrane roof include weatherproofing components, reinforcement, and surfacing. Sometimes a single material performs multiple essential tasks. - Source: Internet
  • A properly installed and well maintained single-ply membrane can last more than 30 years if seams are inspected and repaired regularly. The thickness of the membrane also plays an important factor in longevity — thicker membranes are more expensive, but last longer. Finally, exposure to extreme weather conditions reduces the lifespan of roofs so it is important that flat roofs are sloped to roof drains and ponded water must be removed within 48 hours. - Source: Internet
  • 2-PLY / Modified Bitumen Systems Considered a “hybrid” system, Modified Bitumen provides the features of a built-up roof with the added tensile strength and elongation of a mod-bit cap sheet. There is also a higher quality assurance of in-plant membrane fabrication and control. Mod-bit is quickly gaining in popularity due to reduced labor costs and the high qual ty of the completed roofing system. - Source: Internet
  • You can count on our modified products to stand apart from conventional asphalt technology. Elevate products are made with a proprietary elastomeric blend of polymers combined with select grades of refined asphalt to create products with remarkable strength and flexibility. The result? Design freedom, solutions, and a roof system you can count on for years to come. Asphalt roofing systems that really resist structural and thermal movement — even in temperatures below 0℉. - Source: Internet
  • Torchdown roofing is self-flashing and uses no adhesives or solvents to seal around openings. The material can be run up parapets and abutting wall, and patches are used to seal around metal skylight curbs and similar openings. A special patching compound is used to seal to PVC stacks. If applied correctly, the torchdown membrane is essentially seamless. - Source: Internet
  • -Laminated Shingles: contain more than one layer of tabs to create extra thickness. They are also called three-dimensional or architectural shingles because they give your roof the visual depth and beauty of a custom look. It’s no surprise laminated shingles are a favorite among builders, roofing contractors and home-buyers. - Source: Internet
  • Aside from ballasted systems, single-ply membranes don’t have an additional surfacing layer. That is, the membrane acts as both the weather barrier and the final aesthetic finish. However, additional protection is often provided by adhering an additional wear-layer or walkway sheet where maintenance staff working on the roof typically walk. - Source: Internet
  • BUR roofing systems have had a long-standing popularity, due in large part to the success and proven reliability of BUR. The stock of 20, 30 and 40-year-old BUR roofs still in excellent condition attests to this fact.[6] - Source: Internet
  • This method uses hot asphalt melted in special asphalt roofing kettles to bond the modified bitumen rolls to the substrate. Hot liquid asphalt is transferred from the kettle to the area of application and mopped on to the roof. The mod bit is rolled out into position and set into the hot liquid asphalt. - Source: Internet
  • Membrane Roofing is a roof system that creates a continuous watertight covering to protect the interior of a building. Membrane roofs are predominately used as a flat roofing system since they are watertight, which is critical where water is not shed immediately. They can also be used on very low pitched roofs where shingled, slate, or tiled roofing would not perform. - Source: Internet
  • Flood tests are common for most single-ply installations so the contractor can validate the quality of the installation. A grid of sensors is installed before the roof membrane, the roofing is installed, and then the roof is flooded with water. Any leaks are identified by the grid of sensors and repairs can be made. Given the number of penetrations that need to be sealed, it is critical that mechanically fastened systems have a proper flood test report prior to acceptance by the owner and architect. - Source: Internet
  • Single-ply membrane roofs are installed in large sheets that are joined together to create one continuous membrane. Since there is only one weathertight layer, it is critical that the seams, transitions, and penetrations are properly installed to prevent leaks. Most commercial flat roofs being installed today use one of the single-ply systems we describe below. - Source: Internet
  • Torchable - applied by torching the underside, which partly melts and glues the sheet. (Most roofing felt is torchable.) - Source: Internet
  • Roll roofing is usually restricted to a lightweight mat compared to shingles, as it must be rolled for shipment. Rolls are typically 36 inches (91 cm) by 33 feet (10 m) in size.[citation needed] Due to its light weight compared to shingles, roll roofing is regarded as an inexpensive, temporary material. Its broad width makes it vulnerable to temperature-induced shrinkage and tearing as it expands and contracts. - Source: Internet
  • The second layer is the waterproofing membrane, or cap sheet. This is heated with a torch as it unrolls, fusing it to the base sheet, to itself at seams, and to penetrations such as skylights. Installers must learn to heat the membrane so it is hot enough to fuse but not so hot as to burn through. - Source: Internet
  • Unprotected asphalt is highly vulnerable to the sun’s UV rays. The UV radiation breaks down the long-chain hydrocarbon molecules that give asphalt its strength and durability. This is an issue common to all asphalt-based roofing materials. - Source: Internet
  • Additionally, it is possible to apply TPO roofing systems over top of pre-existing modified bitumen and metal roofs. This is as long as the current roof is in sound condition and not substantially worn or damaged. Applying the new roofing system over the top of an existing roofing system eliminates additional tear-off costs and will reduce the overall disposal expenses. That is a win-win across the board. - Source: Internet
  • Asphalt roll roofing or membrane is a roofing material commonly used for buildings that feature a low sloped roof pitch in North America. The material is based on the same materials used in asphalt shingles; an organic felt or fiberglass mat, saturated with asphalt, and faced with granular stone aggregate.[1] The installation process, known as Torch On Roofing, is often used on commercial properties in North America.[citation needed] - Source: Internet
  • Fully adhered membranes have a higher cost, but are less prone to damage and leaks. Generally, the insulation or roofing board is mechanically fastened to the structure and then the roof membrane is adhered to create a full assembly that resists uplift. Fully adhered membranes can also be installed directly to concrete or wood substrates. - Source: Internet
  • The reinforcing felt is impregnated or coated with bitumen so that the heated bitumen fuses with the sheets. The felt rolls are 3’-0” wide and each layer is overlapped by varying amounts based on the manufacturer’s recommendations. More overlap is used at roof edges and transitions, while less overlap is required across the main roof area. - Source: Internet
  • The risk here is definitely substantial, and it can be substantial enough that some insurers won’t even cover roofers who apply modified bitumen while using the open torch method. That is why open torch installations of modified bitumen are becoming a rarer commodity. With that said, the modified bitumen roof cost remains appealing to some. - Source: Internet
  • Membranes may be either smooth or have a granular surface like roll roofing. Smooth-faced membranes need a third coating, which has colored or reflective pigments to protect against UV radiation. The smooth type is preferable where foot traffic is expected or where decking is going over the roofing. - Source: Internet
  • Generally speaking, two kinds of commercial flat roofing systems are most commonly found in the Northeast. These are modified bitumen and thermoplastic polyolefin or TPO. The former has been around since the 1970s and is one of the more traditional methods of flat commercial roofing. - Source: Internet
  • Count on IKO for the best in fully adhered roofing systems. IKO Fully Adhered Roofing Systems include those that are adhered with hot mopped asphalt to allow joining of the membrane to the substrate. From PrevENt™ Fire Rated, Premium Heavy Duty Cap Sheets to Modiflex™ Cap and Base Sheets, these durable products will add strength and life to your roofing system. - Source: Internet
  • These seam failures can lead to leaks or potential catastrophic failures when extreme winds occur, causing wind uplift. While these are certainly worst-case scenarios, they are things to be aware of when installing a TPO roof. When you hire a skilled, experienced roofing contractor to handle the installation process, you generally don’t have to worry about these worst-case TPO scenarios. - Source: Internet
  • The thickness of the standard TPO single-ply membranes can vary a bit. Some are around 40 mils but can be as big as 800 mils. If your roof is in an area where punctures are more likely – due to falling large branches or other sharp objects – you might want to look into a thicker membrane to ensure that your roof does not get punctured by any of those falling objects. - Source: Internet
  • The vast majority of installed mod bit roof membranes have two plies, a base sheet and a cap sheet. So the average modified bitumen roof membrane (not including other roof system components) is about 300 mils (7.62 mm or 0.3 inches) thick and weighs around 2.2 pounds per square foot. - Source: Internet
  • The installation here is key, as is the case with any type of commercial roofing system. Whenever a TPO roof fails, this is often the result of damage that is done during the installation process. If it isn’t, it is because seams were not properly welded during the installation process. - Source: Internet
  • EPDM can be installed in a single piece, eliminating problems with parting joints and roof leakage. It also does not crack, peel, or split, and is resistant to atmospheric pollution. Its high percentage of elasticity allows it to stretch to over 300% to accommodate temperature change and building movement. The approximate life expectancy for an EPDM roofing system is around 20 years, with little to no maintenance required. - Source: Internet
  • SOPREMA combines a comprehensive line of commercial roofing solutions with decades of proven performance. We manufacture roofing products such as industry-leading SBS-modified bitumen roofing membranes, polymeric PMMA/PMA liquid-applied membranes and synthetic single-ply PVC membranes. We’re also a leading provider of roofing adhesive, roofing coatings such as mastics and primers, and various roofing fasteners. For superior adhesion on a variety of substrates, find out more about SOPREMA roofing applications. - Source: Internet
  • Nail in place – relies on the clout nail head being driven slightly under the surface for a pressure seal. Waterproofing not quite perfect, a water durable timber layer is used under the felt, usually OSB or ply. Most common method on sheds. - Source: Internet
    1. Technical: See this product data sheet for the technical characteristics of SBS-modified bitumen roofing at the Siplast website. This is only an example and other products and brands may be different. - Source: Internet
  • The tear-resistant single-ply membrane is tough and resists oil, grease, and chemical spills. Not only that, but TPO roof systems are also fully recyclable and UV-resistant. Best of all, TPO single-ply roofing is often considered a “green” option because no plasticizers are included in the formulation process. - Source: Internet
  • Generally, installation starts with a base sheet that can be mechanically fastened if there is any slope to the roof — there should almost always be a minimal slope to assist with drainage. (Of course, a nailable deck is required for mechanical fastening.) Then a layer of heated bitumen is applied, followed immediately by the reinforcing felt sheets. - Source: Internet
  • TPO is a reheatable and weldable material as well. This means that it is possible to re-weld any seams that require it years later. On top of that, smooth-surfaced TPO roof systems are easier to maintain and clean than those granular-surfaced roofs, like a modified bitumen offers. Cleaning and maintaining your roof properly means that the roof will hold up for longer, saving you from having to get a new roof for a long time to come. - Source: Internet
  • A typical sheet of modified bitumen roofing weighs about 1.1 lbs. per square foot. - Source: Internet
  • SBS (styrene butadiene styrene) is a synthetic rubber with many uses, modifying roofing asphalt being just one. SBS mod bit is more elastic than APP-modified and does not become as brittle in cold temperatures. SBS mod bit can be installed in hot non-modified asphalt. Historically, this increased its popularity when the only other installation option was torch-application, which requires using open flames to melt the asphalt on the underside of the sheet. - Source: Internet
  • One of the primary benefits of using a modified bitumen roof is that it comes at a lower installation cost. However, one of the biggest disadvantages is that many major commercial roofing contractors have stopped installing them, mostly due to the surge in popularity of TPO roofs. Some have gone as far as to start installing TPO over modified bitumen. - Source: Internet
    1. Technical: See this product data sheet for the technical characteristics of APP-modified bitumen roofing at the Polyglass website. This is only an example and other products and brands may be different. - Source: Internet
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